Izinkampani ze-semiconductor zase-US azikwazi ukusebenzisa imali zakha izimboni ezithuthukile e-China noma zenza ama-chips emakethe yase-US.
Izinkampani ze-semiconductor zase-US ezamukela u-$280 billion wemihlomulo ye-CHIPS kanye ne-Science Act zizovinjelwa ekutshaleni imali e-China.Izindaba zakamuva ziqhamuka ngqo kuNobhala Wezohwebo uGina Raimondo, otshele izintatheli eWhite House izolo.
I-CHIPS, noma i-America's Semiconductor Manufacturing Favorable Incentives Act, ifinyelele ku-$52 billion wamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-280 futhi iyingxenye yomzamo kahulumeni wobumbano wokuvuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor yasekhaya e-United States, esele ngemuva kweTaiwan neChina.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezithola uxhaso lwenhlangano ngaphansi kwe-CHIPS Act zizovinjelwa ukwenza ibhizinisi e-China iminyaka eyishumi.URaimondo uchaze lesi sinyathelo “njengocingo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abathola uxhaso lwe-CHIPS ngeke babeke engcupheni ukuphepha kwezwe.”
"Abavunyelwe ukusebenzisa le mali ukutshala imali eChina, abakwazi ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili eChina, futhi abakwazi ukuthumela ubuchwepheshe bamuva phesheya."“.umphumela.
Ukuvinjelwa kusho ukuthi izinkampani azikwazi ukusebenzisa imali ukwakha izimboni ezithuthukile e-China noma zikhiqizele ama-chips emakethe yase-US ezweni elisempumalanga.Kodwa-ke, izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zingakhulisa kuphela amandla azo okukhiqiza ama-chip e-China uma imikhiqizo iqondiswe kuphela emakethe yaseShayina.
“Uma bethatha imali benza noma yini kulokhu, sizoyibuyisela leyo mali,” kuphendula uRaimondo kwenye intatheli.URaimondo ukuqinisekisile ukuthi izinkampani zaseMelika zikulungele ukuthobela ukuvinjelwa okubekiwe.
Imininingwane kanye nemininingwane yalokhu kuvinjelwa kuzonqunywa ngoFebhuwari 2023. Nokho, uRaimondo wacacisa ukuthi lonke isu ligxile ekuvikeleni ukuphepha kwezwe lase-United States.Ngakho-ke, akucaci ukuthi izinkampani esezitshale imali eChina futhi zamemezela ukukhiqizwa kwama-node okwandisiwe ezweni kufanele zihlehle ezinhlelweni zazo.
"Sizoqasha abantu abebengabaxoxisi abaqinile ezinkampanini ezizimele, bangochwepheshe embonini ye-semiconductor, futhi sizoxoxisana ngesivumelwano esisodwa ngesikhathi futhi sibeke ingcindezi kulezi zinkampani ukuthi zisikhombise - sidinga ukuthi bakwenze ngokuya ngokudalulwa kwezimali, basiqinisekise mayelana nokutshalwa kwezimali - basiqinisekise ukuthi imali iyadingeka ngempela ukwenza lokho kutshalwa kwezimali."
Selokhu kwasayinwa umthetho ongajwayelekile we-bipartisan, iChip Act, ngo-Agasti, umemezele ukuthi uzotshala amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 ekukhiqizeni e-US ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka.
I-Qualcomm kanye ne-GlobalFoundries bamemezele ubudlelwano obungama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4.2 ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor esikhungweni sakamuva saseNew York.Phambilini, abakwaSamsung (Texas nase-Arizona) kanye ne-Intel (New Mexico) bamemezele ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidigidi zamadola kumafekthri ama-chip.
Ku-$52 billion eyabelwe uMthetho we-Chip, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-39 aya ekukhiqizeni okukhuthazayo, amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13.2 aya ku-R&D nokuthuthukiswa kwabasebenzi, kanti amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-500 asele aya emisebenzini ye-semiconductor supply chain.Iphinde yethula ikhredithi yentela yokutshalwa kwezimali engamaphesenti angama-25 ezindlekweni ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-semiconductors nezinye izinto ezihambisanayo.
Ngokusho kwe-Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA), ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kuyimboni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-555.9 ezovula iwindi elisha ngo-2021, ngama-34.6% (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-192.5) aleyo mali engenayo eya e-China.Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi baseShayina basathembele kumiklamo ye-semiconductor yase-US kanye nobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukukhiqiza kuyindaba ehlukile.Ukukhiqizwa kwe-semiconductor kudinga iminyaka yamaketanga okuhlinzeka kanye nemishini ebizayo njengamasistimu e-ultraviolet lithography eyeqisayo.
Ukuze banqobe lezi zinkinga, ohulumeni bangaphandle, kuhlanganise nohulumeni waseShayina, baye bahlanganisa imboni futhi banikeza ngokuqhubekayo izikhuthazo zokukhiqiza ama-chip, okubangele ukwehla kwamandla okukhiqiza ama-semiconductor ase-US kusuka ku-56.7% ngo-2013 kuya ku-43.2% ngo-2021.Nokho, ukukhiqizwa kwama-chip ase-US kubala amaphesenti ayishumi kuphela engqikithi yomhlaba.
I-Chip Act kanye nezinyathelo zokuvinjelwa kwe-investimenti zase-China nazo zisize ukukhulisa ukwenziwa kwama-chip e-US.Ngo-2021, u-56.7% wezisekelo zokukhiqiza zezinkampani zase-US zizotholakala phesheya kwezilwandle, ngokusho kwe-SIA.
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